This is not an easy to digest book and doesn’t offer a modeler a lot of references, resources, or inspiration for modeling. Having said that, author Michael Fredholm von Essen, did an admirable job of defining a nebulous threat that is hard to recognize, much less counter. From his introduction,
This book describes hybrid threats to national security, and how to deploy them as weapons against an adversary. Designed to be difficult to detect or attribute, hybrid threats constitute a twenty-first-century concept which enables, often with the help of advanced technology, the use of military and non-military means under conditions of plausible deniability.
