From the Introduction:
“Iran, known as Persia from ancient history, is located in the center of the Middle East. With 1,648,185km2 (636,372 square miles) of territory, it borders with Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan in the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east, and Turkey and Iraq in the west. It has coasts on the Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman in the south. The warm waters of the latter provide direct access to the world via the Indian Ocean.
From ancient times, Persia possessed a strong army and navy. It has been considered as one of the world’s major military powers with major victories against the Romans, Ottomans, Greeks, and Arabs. The armed forces, however, went into a steady decline starting in medieval times until the nineteenth century.
